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Bu çaly?manyn amacy, on dokuzuncu yüzyylyn sonlaryndan ba?layyp, yirminci yüzyylyn ilk yarysyna kadar olan dönemde, Amerika Birle?ik Devletleri’nde sanayile?me ve kentle?menin getirdi?i sorunlaryn, Chicago kentini merkez alarak entelektüel ve sanatsal akym olan Gerçekçi ve Do?alcy yazarlar tarafyndan nasyl yansytyldy?yny incelemektir. Kent ya?amynyn toplumsal ve bireysel boyutlarda getirdi?i ruhsal ve ahlaksal çöküntülerin irdelenmesi amaçlanyrken, bu yazarlaryn Chicago’ya baky?yny daha iyi anlamak için, gerçekçi ve do?alcy anlayy?larynyn içeri?ine de bakylmy?tyr. Henry Blake Fuller, Hamlin Garland, Frank Norris ve Sherwood Anderson bu amaç için seçilmi? yazarlardyr. Chicago kentini ele?tirilerinde odak alan eserlerinde, ait olduklary gerçekçi ve do?alcy yakla?ymla anakentin ki?ileri nasyl etkiledi?i ortaya çykarylmy?tyr. Bu yazarlaryn eserlerindeki karakterler, do?alcylyk akymynyn görü?leri do?rultusunda, karamsar bir kadercilikle açyklanabilecek dy? ve iç kuvvetlerin etkisinde kalmy?
Keywords
Gerçekçilik ve Do?alcylyk,
Kentle?me,
Chicago,
Determinizm,
Ruhsal ve Toplumsal Sorunlar,
This study aims to explore how Realist and Naturalist writers depict the social problems caused by urbanization and industrialization in the USA between the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. While aiming to illustrate the psychological and moral corruption of society and consequently the individual due to the urban life, as the intellectual and artistic movements Realism and Naturalism are investigated for a better understanding of the writers’ views on Chicago. Henry Blake Fuller, Hamlin Garland, Frank Norris and Sherwood Anderson are the prominent writers selected for this study. That the metropolis affects individuals are found out from realistic and naturalistic perspective in the novels, focusing on Chicago for their social criticism. The characters in these works are observed to have been under the influence of internal and external forces that can be explained by a pessimistic determinism.
Keywords
Psychological and Social Problems,
Determinism,
Chicago,
Urbanization,
Realism and Naturalism,
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